Every finite spanning set is a frame

May 26th, 2006 ~ Posted in: Mathematics

I spent way too much time trying to remember why every linear function on a finite-dimensional vector space is bounded. (because if \|x\|=1 and x = \sum_{i=1}^k \lambda_i e_i, then \|f(x)\| \leq \sum_{i=1}^k \|\lambda_i\|\|f(e_i)\|, so \|f\| \leq \sum_{i=1}^k \|f(e_i)\|).

I need this result to show that every finite spanning set in a finite dimensional Hilbert space is a frame. That is, if \{v_j\}_{j=1}^n \subset H spans H then there are 0 \leq c \leq C such that

\displaystyle c\|x\|^2 \leq \sum_{j=1}^n \left|\langle v_j, x \rangle\right|^2 \leq C\|x\|^2,

for each x \in H.

The function \theta: H \rightarrow \R^k defined by \theta(x) = \left(\langle v_1, x\rangle, \ldots, \langle v_n, x \rangle\right) is linear, so by the above result is bounded with some constant \sqrt{C}.

Now I just need show that the inverse is continuous, so there is a c

This problem came up when I was talking to a fellow graduate just now about what I’m doing in Papadakis’ group, and I tried introducing the concept of a frame. The first question he asked was if each spanning set is not necessarily a frame. It seems that this is true in the finite dimensional case, but I’m sure it’s not in general Hilbert spaces, because then what would be the point of defining a frame? I’ll see if I can find a spanning set that isn’t a frame in L^2(\R).

Update:
The lower bound c exists because the inverse function {\theta^\star} is again a linear function on a finite dimensional vector space, so it is bounded by some constant B. We can take c=\frac{1}{B}.

It is easy to find a spanning set in l^2 that is not a frame, because it is not a Bessel sequence (a sequence which defines a bounded operator \theta): simply let \{v_n = n \delta_n \}.

This entry was posted on Friday, May 26th, 2006 at 12:43 pm and is filed under Mathematics. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. You can leave a response, or trackback from your own site.

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